ANATOMY AND HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY BY Dr.G.KAVITHA, B.VANMATHI, MRS.K.SARANYA

PREFACE
Contents and Organization
UNIT I: BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE HUMAN BODY
In this unit, you will explore the fundamental components of the human body, starting with the cell. You’ll learn about the structure of cells, including their various parts (organelles) and what each part does.
We’ll also cover how the cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and the importance of electrical signals (action potentials), explained through the Nernst and Goldman equations.
Additionally, you’ll understand homeostasis, the process that keeps our body’s internal environment stable. Finally, we’ll look at different types of tissues, their functions, and why they are essential.
UNIT II: SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM
This unit focuses on the skeletal and muscular systems. You’ll learn about the different types of bones and their functions, how bones form, and the divisions of the skeleton. We’ll also cover the various types of joints and cartilages and their roles.
Moving to the muscular system, you’ll discover the different types of muscles, their structures, and properties. You’ll understand how muscles contract and learn about the neuromuscular junction, where nerves and muscles meet.
UNIT III: CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
In this unit, you’ll study the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. For the cardiovascular system, we’ll explore the structure of the heart, how it conducts electrical signals, the cardiac cycle, and how cardiac output is measured.
You’ll also learn about blood, including its composition, functions, hemostasis (the process of stopping bleeding), and blood groups. We’ll discuss the structure and types of blood vessels and how blood pressure is regulated.
For the respiratory system, you’ll learn about its different parts, how respiration works, lung volumes and capacities, and the process of gaseous exchange.
UNIT IV: DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS
In this unit, you will delve into the digestive and excretory systems. You’ll learn about the structure and functions of the gastrointestinal system, including how the alimentary tract secretes various substances to aid in digestion.
We’ll cover the processes of digestion and absorption, explaining how nutrients are broken down and taken up by the body. Moving to the excretory system, you’ll explore the structure of the nephron and understand how urine is formed. Additionally, you’ll learn about the skin and sweat glands and how they help regulate body temperature.
UNIT V: NERVOUS AND SENSORY SYSTEM
This unit focuses on the nervous and sensory systems. You’ll start by learning about the structure and function of nervous tissue, and then move on to the brain and spinal cord, exploring their crucial roles within the central nervous system (CNS).
We’ll discuss how nerve conduction and synapses work, and the mechanisms behind reflex actions. You’ll also explore the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
The unit will cover the physiology of various sensory systems, including vision, hearing, touch (integumentary system), smell (olfactory system), and taste, providing a comprehensive understanding of how we perceive and interact with the world around us.
Advantages :
1. Thorough Understanding: Learn all about the key parts of the human body, from cells to major systems, giving you a solid foundation in human biology.
2. Easy to Understand: The book explains complex topics in a simple and clear way, making it accessible for everyone, whether you’re new to the subject or want to learn more.
3. Holistic View: Discover how different body systems work together, providing a complete picture of how the human body functions.
4. Practical Knowledge: Gain useful insights that can help you in everyday life, from understanding health and fitness to making informed decisions about your well-being.